GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor) Cancer

What is GIST?

GIST, or gastrointestinal stromal tumor, is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the digestive tract. Most often it occurs in the stomach or small intestine, but it can appear anywhere along the GI tract, including the esophagus, small or large intestine and rectum. GISTs typically arise when there are genetic mutations in certain genes, which can cause cells in the wall of the GI tract to grow uncontrollably and form tumors.
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What are signs of GIST?

Signs and symptoms of GIST can vary depending on the size and location of a tumor in the digestive tract. Many small GISTs may cause no symptoms and are discovered incidentally. Larger or more advanced tumors can cause a range of symptoms, including:

• Abdominal pain or cramping or general discomfort
• A noticeable mass or swelling in the abdomen
• Blood in the stool (black or tarry stools)
• Nausea or vomiting blood
• Feeling full quickly when eating
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness

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How is GIST diagnosed?

Diagnosing GISTs begins with a physical examination so that your doctor can evaluate the symptoms you are experiencing. Additional information to confirm a diagnosis can be obtained through a combination of imaging tests including endoscopy, lab tests and analysis of a sample of tissue (known as a biopsy).
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What causes GIST?

GISTs are primarily caused by genetic mutations in specific genes that control how cells grow and divide. In most cases, these mutations are not inherited. Rather, they are somatic, meaning they occur spontaneously during a person’s life. GIST typically occurs in men and women between the ages of 50 and 70.
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Is GIST inherited?

Gist is not passed from parent to child. However, a very small percentage of people have certain inherited syndromes that increase the risk of developing GISTs. It is best to talk with your doctor about any genetic predisposition.
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Is GIST curable?

GIST can be curable especially if diagnosed in early stages. The chance of a cure depends on several factors, including the tumor’s size, location, how fast it is growing and whether it has spread.
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How is GIST treated?

Each patient and each cancer is unique. At FCS, physicians develop a personalized treatment plan in partnership with patients.Treatment options for GIST depend on a number of factors, including the specific type and stage of cancer and whether it has spread, as well as the patient’s overall health and personal preference. Treatments primarily include a combination of surgery and targeted therapy to block tumor growth.

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Are there screening tests for GIST?

There are currently no proven or effective screening tests for GISTs. This is mainly because the disease is rare and often does not cause symptoms until it is advanced.
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