Uterine Cancer - Summary, Symptoms, Treatments

What is uterine cancer?
What are the signs and symptoms of uterine cancer?
How is uterine cancer diagnosed?
What causes uterine cancer?
Is uterine cancer genetic?
Is uterine cancer curable?
Is there a screening test for ovarian cancer?
What are the best things women can do to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer?
How is uterine cancer treated?
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What is uterine cancer?

Uterine cancer begins in the uterus, the organ in a woman’s pelvis where fetal development occurs during pregnancy. Endometrial cancer is the most common form of uterine cancer. It starts in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. Uterine sarcoma is a rarer form of uterine cancer; it begins in the muscles or other tissues of the uterus.
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What are the signs and symptoms of uterine cancer?

The following are among the most common signs and symptoms of uterine cancer:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially in postmenopausal women, bleeding between periods or heavier-than-usual periods
Persistent or recurrent pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region
Unusual, non-bloody vaginal discharge
Discomfort or pain during sexual activity
Burning sensation, pain or discomfort when urinating

Many of these symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, so it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis if any symptoms are present and persist or worsen over time. Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment.
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How is uterine cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosing uterine cancer begins with a physical examination so that your doctor can evaluate the symptoms you are experiencing and discuss your health history in detail. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of pelvic exams, imaging tests (like ultrasound or CT scans) and blood tests. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a tissue sample for examination under a microscope. If a biopsy is inconclusive or more tissue is needed, a D&C (Dilation and Curettage) may be recommended. During this procedure, the cervix is dilated and a larger sample of the uterine lining is scraped for examination.
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What causes uterine cancer?

Uterine cancer is caused by abnormal cell growth in the uterus. While the exact cause is not always known, several risk factors contribute to the development of uterine cancer.

Other factors that may increase risk of uterine cancer include:

Hormonal imbalance with high levels of estrogen, which can happen with use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Age. Uterine cancer occurs most often in women over age 50, particularly after menopause.
Obesity
Certain genetic conditions or a family history of uterine or colon cancer
Early onset of menstruation (before age 12), late menopause (after age 55) or never having been pregnant
Use of tamoxifen, a drug used to treat breast cancer or prior radiation therapy

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Is uterine cancer genetic?

A small percentage of uterine cancers, particularly endometrial cancer, are associated with genetic conditions that increase the risk. The most well-known genetic link to uterine cancer is Lynch syndrome,
a hereditary condition that increases the risk for certain cancers. It is best to talk with your doctor about any genetic factors that may be present.
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Is uterine cancer curable?

Uterine cancer, especially when detected early, is often curable. The success of treatment depends on several factors, including the stage and grade of the cancer, the patient’s overall health and how well the cancer responds to treatment.
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Is there a screening test for ovarian cancer?

Currently, there is no standard screening test for uterine cancer. However, certain tests and evaluations are used for women who have symptoms or are at higher risk. It’s important for women to be aware of symptoms and risk factors and to consult a doctor if they experience unusual changes. Regular gynecological exams are important for early detection and diagnosis.
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What are the best things women can do to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer?

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent ovarian cancer, women can consider the following strategies to lower their risk:

Maintain a healthy weight with a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
Limit alcohol intake.
Limit use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), which has been linked to an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Women should discuss risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.

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How is uterine cancer treated?

Treatment options for uterine cancer depend on a number of factors, including the specific type, size, location and grade of the tumor, the patient’s overall health and whether she wants to preserve her fertility.

Surgical removal of the uterus, a hysterectomy, is the most common treatment. Treatment options can also include radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

FCS is committed to advancing treatment and outcomes for patients with gynecologic cancers. Each year, dozens of clinical trials are conducted within FCS to find newer, better and more targeted treatments for the different types of gynecologic cancer.
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