What is immunotherapy for cancer?

Immunotherapy is one of the most promising and successful new treatments for cancer. Immunotherapy uses the body’s own immune system to find, target and fight many forms of cancer, even at advanced stages. Cancer starts when normal, healthy cells become changed or altered and begin to grow out of control. Immunotherapies boost or change the immune system to work harder and smarter to find, target and attack cancer cells. In the last few decades Immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of many cancers, including bladder, cervical, breast, colorectal, lymphoma and melanoma, among others. Patients may receive treatments in a doctor’s office, an oncology clinic or, in some cases, in a hospital setting. Immunotherapy may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation and/or surgery. While side effects can occur, a key difference is that they are often less severe than those encountered with conventional therapies.

What does immunotherapy do?

The immune system is a complex collection of organs, including the spleen, thymus and bone marrow, white blood cells, tissues and proteins. These special substances travel through the body, protecting it from viruses or germs that cause infection. When it encounters a new substance that it doesn’t recognize, it signals an alarm and works to destroy anything containing the foreign substance. Immunotherapies work to stimulate or boost the immune system’s natural defenses to work harder to fight cancer. They can be injected directly into a vein, swallowed in pill or capsule form or applied topically through a cream that is rubbed onto the skin.

How long does immunotherapy stay in your system?

The duration immunotherapy stays in the system varies depending on the specific type and individual response. Immunotherapy may continue to work for months or years after a patient has finished treatment. For cancer immunotherapy, effects can persist for an extended period, influenced by factors such as the type of drugs and cancer. Individual responses vary, and discussions about duration should involve healthcare professionals overseeing the specific case. They can provide personalized information based on the immunotherapy approach and medical history.

Who qualifies for immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of many cancers, including bladder, cervical, breast, colorectal, lymphoma and melanoma, among others. Patients may receive immunotherapy in a doctor’s office, an oncology clinic or, in some cases, in a hospital setting. Your oncology team can determine whether immunotherapy is a recommended option.

What are the signs immunotherapy is working?

Each patient is unique. Some patients have an immediate positive response while other patients respond more slowly or not at all. Immunotherapies can take longer to work than traditional treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation. Throughout treatment, patients will have regular check-ups, blood tests or imaging scans to assess whether a tumor is responding. Researchers continue to study new and improved ways of measuring the body’s response to immunotherapy.

What are the types of immunotherapy?

Some of the most common types of immunotherapy used to treat cancer include: Bispecific antibody drug therapies bind to two specific cells at the same time. This activates the immune system to recognize and destroy certain types of cancer cells. CarT-cell therapy is a type of cell-based treatment that involves altering immune cells called T cells (a type of white blood cell) in a laboratory so that they are better able to find and destroy cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that block immune checkpoints, which can sometimes dampen immune system response, and allow cells to respond more strongly to cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that are created in a lab to act like antibodies that naturally circulate in the body. They are designed to attach themselves to single cancer cells so that they can be better seen and destroyed by the immune system. Vaccines boost the body’s ability to recognize and destroy or slow the growth of cancer.

What are the side effects of immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy for cancer can have side effects, and the nature and severity of these side effects can vary depending on the specific type of immunotherapy and individual patient factors. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience the same side effects, and some people may not experience any noticeable side effects. Common side effects of immunotherapy may include: Fatigue: Feeling tired or lethargic is a common side effect of many cancer treatments, including immunotherapy. Skin Reactions: Skin-related side effects such as rash, itching, or redness are common with certain immunotherapy drugs. Flu-Like Symptoms: Some people may experience symptoms similar to the flu, including fever, chills, muscle aches, and weakness. Digestive System Issues: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite are possible side effects of immunotherapy. Respiratory Issues: Coughing, shortness of breath, or other respiratory symptoms may occur with certain types of immunotherapy. Autoimmune Reactions: In some cases, immunotherapy may cause the immune system to attack healthy cells and tissues, leading to autoimmune reactions. This can result in conditions like colitis, hepatitis, or thyroid disorders. Allergic Reactions: Rarely, severe allergic reactions can occur, which may manifest as difficulty breathing, swelling, or a drop in blood pressure.

Bispecific Therapy

Bispecific T-cell Engager Therapy

Bispecific antibody drugs are among the growing number of immunotherapies offering promising new options for treating certain types of cancer that are often resistant to treatment. These drugs boost the action of the body’s immune system to find, target and kill cancer cells effectively.

Bispecific antibodies are engineered to bind to cancer cells and healthy immune system cells (T-cells) at the same time, activating the healthy immune system cells to recognize and destroy cancerous cells.

Bispecific therapy is initially administered on a step-up dosing schedule to help minimize adverse effects. There is a risk of unique side effects, including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicities, which can be life-threatening. Initial treatments are typically administered in an inpatient hospital setting to monitor for any serious adverse reactions. Patients can then proceed with ongoing maintenance on an outpatient basis.

Advanced Bispecific T-cell Therapy Program Available in an Outpatient Setting

FCS is able to provide bispecific step-up dosing in select locations in collaboration with local hospitals to support any required hospital observations, when needed. Stabilized patients also have the opportunity to proceed with ongoing maintenance on an outpatient basis in a convenient and comfortable setting. Skilled clinical professionals provide personalized one-to-one monitoring, oversight and treatment guidance to reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the disease to remission.

Bispecific Treatments by Location

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Locations	Elranatamab (ELREXFIO™)MM	Epcoritamab (EPKINLY™)LBCL;FL	Glofitamab (COLUMVI™)LBCL	Mosunetuzumab (LUNSUMIO™)FL	Talquetamab (TALVEY™)MM	Teclistamab (TECVAYLI®)MM	Tarlatamab (IMDELLTRA™)SCLC
Brooksville	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Clermont	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Daytona Cancer Center	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Fleming Island	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Fort Myers Cancer Center	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Gainesville Cancer Center	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Sarasota Downtown	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Sebring	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
St. Petersburg – St. Anthony’s	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Tallahassee Cancer Center	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Vero Beach East	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Villages Cancer Center	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
West Palm Beach	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
Winter Park Village	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
KEY: = Location Page • = Send an Email • = Induction Services • MM = Multiple Myeloma • LBCL = Large B-cell Lymphoma • FL = Follicular Lymphoma • SCLC = Small Cell Lung Cancer

Types of T-cell Therapy Offered by FCS

FCS offers bispecific step-up dosing and maintenance therapy to treat the following cancers with FDA-approved bispecific drugs:

Mosunetuzumab (LUNSUMIO™)

Mosunetuzumab (LUNSUMIO™) is a bispecific antibody therapy or relapsed and refractory follicular lymphomathe most common type of slow-growing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in patients whose cancer has come back or did not respond to two or more previous treatments.

Talquetamab (TALVEY™)

Talquetamab (TALVEY™) is proven to be an effective treatment for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of therapy.

Teclistamab (TECVAYLI®)

Teclistamab (TECVAYLI®) is proven to be an effective treatment for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of therapy.

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Tarlatamab (IMDELLTRA™)

Tarlatamab (IMDELLTRA™) is a treatment option for adults with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

Recurring Blood Cancers

Elranatamab (ELREXFIO™)

Elranatamab (ELREXFIOTM™) is proven to be an effective treatment for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of therapy.

Epcoritamab (EPKINLY™)

Epcoritamab (EPKINLY™) is for adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma whose cancer has come back or did not respond to two or more previous treatments.

Glofitamab (COLUMVI™)

Glofitamab (COLUMVI™) is for adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, or large B-cell lymphoma arising from follicular lymphoma whose cancer has come back or did not respond to two or more previous treatments.

Linvoseltamab (LYNOZYFIC™)

Linvoseltamab (LYNOZYFIC™) is proven to be an effective treatment or adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of therapy.

Anthony’s Story

Life-Changing Treatment Close to Home

At Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute (FCS), patients like Anthony are seeing life-changing results through access to cutting-edge treatments close to home. After being diagnosed with a rare, aggressive lung cancer, Anthony began therapy with Talatamab at our Brooksville location, eliminating the need to travel out of state. With expert care from the FCS team, his health and quality of life quickly improved. This is the impact of personalized, innovative cancer care at FCS.

female doctor general practitioner showing x-ray lungs photo to female patient

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