Types of Gynecologic Cancers

What is gynecologic cancer?

Gynecologic cancer refers to cancers that originate in a woman’s reproductive organs. There are five primary types of gynecologic cancer, each named after the part of the body where they start:
 

1. Cervical cancer begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
2. Ovarian cancer starts in the ovaries, which produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
3. Uterine (also known as endometrial) cancer begins in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.
4. Vaginal cancer starts in the vagina, the canal leading from the cervix to the outside of the body.
5. Vulvar cancer begins in the vulva, the outer part of the female genital organs.

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What are common risk factors for gynecologic cancer?

Each type of gynecologic cancer has different symptoms, risk factors and treatments. Common risk factors can include age, family history, certain genetic mutations (like BRCA mutations), exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) and lifestyle
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What are common symptoms of gynecologic cancer?

Symptoms of gynecologic cancers vary depending on the organ that is involved and not all women will experience the same symptoms. In early stages, many forms of gynecologic cancer produce no symptoms at all.
 
Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge or pelvic pain, including pain during intercourse, can signal gynecologic cancer. Other common signs may include more frequent urination, bloating or constipation. Skin changes on the vulva, such as soreness, itching or a visible lesion, can also indicate concern.
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Is screening for gynecologic cancer important?

Yes, screening for gynecologic cancer is very important. Early detection through screening can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and survival. Each type of gynecologic cancer may have different screening guidelines.
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What are the best things women can do to reduce the risk of cancer and other health conditions?

There are some simple things women can do to stay healthy:
 

• Stay away from all forms of tobacco. If you smoke or vape, quit.
• Maintain a healthy diet and weight. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables daily. Get moving and keep moving with regular physical activity.
• Limit alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day.

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How does FCS treat gynecologic cancer?

FCS is committed to advancing treatment and outcomes for patients with gynecologic cancer. Each year, dozens of clinical trials are conducted within FCS to find newer, better and more targeted treatments for the different types of gynecologic cancer. Our physicians have been involved with several of the most recent developments for gynecologic cancer therapies and have presented their findings at national and international forums.
 
It’s important to note that not all gynecologic cancer is the same. Nor should it be treated the same. FCS offers patients access to next-generation sequencing, a form of testing that analyzes cancer cells to detect the genetic mutation causing the cancer. With this information, our team of molecular scientists can identify which treatment should be the most effective by matching the mutation with the best therapy for that specific type of gynecologic cancer. By having genetic testing and systems such as this in place, FCS is effectively improving how we care for our gynecologic cancer patients.
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